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AUT Hardware Concepts and Skills 406009
Authors- Peter Wilson, Michael Hutchinson & Ewing Caldwell
Moderator- Krassie Petrova

Each individual message ordered costs 0.50 cents per message

Code for ALL messages in a group is at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages->

e.g. 5 messages in total = .50 cents + 4 X .30 cents = $1.70 (instead of $2.50 if all five were downloaded on their own)

Download a PDF file of the message list below for your computer or to print out and use.

The questions have been grouped into sets of 5 messages. This does not overload the SIM card or memory on your cellphone and allows you to study a small group of messages at a time. It is also more economical to download.

Work with other students in your course and co-ordinate what messages you download and forward them to each other to reduce costs. Use the small gaps of time in your day (waiting for a bus, traveling to Uni, etc.) to 'snack on study' with the StudyTXT messages.

Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 1	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconA
1	How many IRQ types are on a PC now. How about 10 years ago?	IRQ = interrupt request PC = personal computer.	hconA1
2	What is IRQ zero used for?	IRQ = interrupt request	hconA2
3	When can IRQ’s be shared?	IRQ = interrupt request	hconA3
4	What is a risk of sharing IRQ’s?	IRQ = interrupt request	hconA4
5	Why are IRQ2 and IRQ 9 the same thing on a PIC?	IRQ = interrupt request A = Answer.	hconA5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 2	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconB
1	Why is IRQ 15 a higher priority than IRQ 3?	IRQ = interrupt request	hconB1
2	What advantage does DMA provide over PIO?	DMA = Direct Memory Access PIO = Programmed Input/Output	hconB2
3	Why was cache memory introduced at all?	CPU = Central processing unit Bcause = because fastr = faster.	hconB3
4	Which two types of memory would be used for L2 cache in PC’s?	L2 = Level 2 PC = personal computer.	hconB4
5	L1 Cache is always located where?	L1 = Level 1.	hconB5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 3	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconC
1	List three logical primary memory types.		hconC1
2	List three physical memory types.		hconC2
3	What does DDR memory provide that standard DRAM memory doesn't?	DRAM = dynamic random access memory DDR = double data rate synchronous	hconC3
4	What is a clock crystal made of?		hconC4
5	What happens when a clock crystal is subjected to a voltage?		hconC5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 4	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconD
1	What is the definition of clock crystal frequency?		hconD1
2	What is the difference between an ATX power connector and an AT power connector?		hconD2
3	How can you guarantee the correct orientation of an IDE ribbon bus?	A = Answer.	hconD3
4	Excluding the 34 pins what feature makes the ribbon bus connector for a FDD very different from an IDE cable?	FDD = floppy disc drive IDE = intelligent (or integrated) drive electronics	hconD4
5	What is serial ATA?	ATA = advanced technology attachment	hconD5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 5	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconE
1	Why is it necessary to use only serial busses above particular data speeds?	Bcause = because	hconE1
2	What is a magnetic domain?		hconE2
3	What coating materials are used on hard disc platters?		hconE3
4	Why wouldn't a hard disc drive work properly above 14,000ft?		hconE4
5	MR head technologies must incorporate another technology as well. Why?		hconE5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 6	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconF
1	What changes have occurred to the size of magnetic domains to make smaller read write heads possible?	A = Answer.	hconF1
2	What three parameters of hard disc performance make up total access time?	A = Answer.	hconF2
3	What is the effect of increased HDD cache size?	HDD = Hard disk drives	hconF3
4	Which two expansion card types use double height edge connectors?	A = Answer.	hconF4
5	How is a VLB expansion card identified in terms of the connector size and type?	A = Answer VLB = VESA local bus	hconF5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 7	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconG
1	What connector would be found on a mono chrome video card?	A = Answer.	hconG1
2	All video cards must have a BIOS, Why?	A = Answer BIOS = basic input/output system	hconG2
3	What is a GPU?	A = Answer.	hconG3
4	How does the function of a GPU compare with that of a RAMDAC?	A = Answer.	hconG4
5	What is a win modem? Why is it different from a hardware modem chipset?	A = Answer.	hconG5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 8	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconH
1	What are the connectors used on an internal modem card?	A = Answer.	hconH1
2	What are the possible connectors used on a NIC?	A = Answer NIC = network interface card	hconH2
3	An external modem uses what to connect to a PC?	A = Answer PC =personal computer	hconH3
4	What functions are supported on a soundcards I/O?	A = Answer I/O = Input/Output	hconH4
5	What is a midi port designed to do?	A = Answer.	hconH5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 9	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconI
1	Does a game port support analogue, digital, or a mixture of both?		hconI1
2	Name three manufacturers of soundcard chipsets.		hconI2
3	What is the difference between pixels and texels?	A = Answer.	hconI3
4	The term refresh rate applies to what attribute of monitor performance?		hconI4
5	What are the picture elements of an active matrix LCD screen made up of?	A = Answer LCD = liquid crystal display	hconI5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 10	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconJ
1	What properties of CRT’s are undesirable?	A = Answer CRT = cathode ray tube	hconJ1
2	What physical factor limits the size of Gas Plasma displays to ‘large’.	A = Answer.	hconJ2
3	How is the measurement of screen size calculated?	A = Answer.	hconJ3
4	How is physical encoding performed on a CD ROM?	A = Answer.	hconJ4
5	How is physical encoding performed on a CD –R?	A = Answer.	hconJ5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 11	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconK
1	What two factors allowed increases in data density for DVD compared to CD?	A = Answer DVD = digital versatile (or video) disc CD = compact disc	hconK1
2	What is the physical difference that allows a CD-R/W to be re–writable?	A = Answer CD = compact disk.	hconK2
3	Which speed does the speed rating of a CD-Rom drive related to?	A = Answer CD = compact disk.	hconK3
4	What are the differences in the output voltages between AT and ATX power supplies.	A = Answer.	hconK4
5	What names are given to the proprietary chips making up a mother board chipset?	A = Answer.	hconK5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 12	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconL
1	What is the ‘third’ chip in the chipset on a mother board?	A = Answer.	hconL1
2	What connects to the Super I/O chip?	A = Answer.	hconL2
3	Which I/O types are currently obsolescent on business PC’s?	A = Answer I/O = Input/Output PC = personal computer	hconL3
4	Name two high speed external serial buses designed for PC’s	A = Answer PC = personal computer	hconL4
5	What features distinguish an LPX motherboard?	A = Answer.	hconL5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 13	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconM
1	Why is static electricity a problem for electronic circuits?	A = Answer.	hconM1
2	What anti static precautions must be taken when handling electronic components?	A = Answer.	hconM2
3	What term describes the maximum device size definable on a silicon wafer?	A = Answer.	hconM3
4	What socket and slot types are available for a Celeron CPU?	A = Answer.	hconM4
5	What is a slocket or slot-ket adapter?	A = Answer.	hconM5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 14	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconN
1	What chips are generally considered as the ‘chipset?	A = Answer.	hconN1
2	What differences in featured performance occur over time, with chipset changes?	A = Answer.	hconN2
3	Who manufactures MOBO chipsets today?	A = Answer MOBO = Motherboard	hconN3
4	Describe two MOBO form factors.	A = Answer MOBO = Motherboard	hconN4
5	List and describe three case styles.	A = Answer.	hconN5
Message #	Message Description	Abbreviations used in the message	TXT this code to 396
ALL	Group 14	Code for group and ALL messages in this group at 0.50 cents for the 1st msg and 0.30 cents for all other messages--->	hconP
1	Describe the compatibility issues that arise between MOBOs cases, and power supplies.	A = Answer MOBO = Motherboard	hconP1
2	List 4 generational changes between MOBOs	A = Answer MOBO = Motherboard	hconP2
3	What are possible consequences of using a low performance file system on a HDD?	A = Answer HDD = hard disc drive	hconP3
4	List and describe two interface types for HDD’s.	A = Answer HDD = hard disc drive	hconP4